We spent an astounding $5,278,588,000,000 on healthcare in 2024. Yes, that’s $5.3 trillion!
Retail outpatient prescription drugs accounted for less than 9% of that total. More than half of net outpatient drug spending was paid by federal, state, and local government programs. Below, we delve into the spending trends, which reveal the impact of the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) on Medicare spending, the boom in healthcare marketplaces, and the post-pandemic bust in Medicaid.
Contrary to what you might read, the government’s data show that drug spending growth was not driven by purportedly “skyrocketing” drug prices. In reality, nearly all of the increase in drug spending reflected higher utilization—more people treated, more prescriptions dispensed, and shifts among drugs dispensed—rather than higher net prices.
Prices may grab headlines, but utilization—and taxpayers—are driving the spending story. When prices stop being signals, markets stop being markets.